A true grease consists of an oil and/or other fluid lubricant that is mixed with another thickener substance to form a solid. Greases are used where a mechanism can only be lubricated infrequently and where a lubricating oil would not stay in position. They also act as valuable sealants to prevent ingress of water and dust. Grease-lubricated bearings have greater frictional characteristics due to their high viscosity. Under shear, the viscosity drops to give the effect of an oil-lubricated bearing of approximately the same viscosity as the base oil used in the grease.
Lithium-based greases are the most commonly used; sodium and lithium based greases have higher melting point (dropping point) than calcium-based greases but are not resistant to the action of water. Lithium-based grease has a dropping point at 190 °C to 220 °C (350 °F to 400 °F). However the maximum usable temperature for lithium-based grease is 120 °C.
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Lithium-based grease, often referred to simply as "lithium grease", is a lubricant grease to which lithium compounds have been added, giving it higher performance and temperature tolerance. Lithium grease adheres well to metal, is non-corrosive, and may be used under heavy loads. It has a drip temperature of 190° to 220°C (350° to 400°F) and it resists moisture, so it is commonly used as lubricant in household products, such as electric garage doors.